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Related Concept Videos

Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

30.6K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
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Determining Order of Reaction02:53

Determining Order of Reaction

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Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
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Reaction Yield02:22

Reaction Yield

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The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.
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Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

62.5K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
62.5K
Reaction Quotient02:35

Reaction Quotient

52.8K
The status of a reversible reaction is conveniently assessed by evaluating its reaction quotient (Q). For a reversible reaction described by m A + n B ⇌ x C + y D, the reaction quotient is derived directly from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation as
52.8K
Half-life of a Reaction02:42

Half-life of a Reaction

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The half-life of a reaction (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a given amount of reactant to be consumed. In each succeeding half-life, half of the remaining concentration of the reactant is consumed. For example, during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, during the first half-life (from 0.00 hours to 6.00 hours), the concentration of H2O2 decreases from 1.000 M to 0.500 M. During the second half-life (from 6.00 hours to 12.00 hours), the concentration decreases from 0.500 M to...
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Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor&#x2022;Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding
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Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding

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Steroid diversification by multicomponent reactions.

Leslie Reguera1, Cecilia I Attorresi2,3, Javier A Ramírez2,3

  • 1Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
|July 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer versatile strategies for steroid structural diversification. This review highlights MCRs for synthesizing complex steroid derivatives and platforms for drug discovery and chemical biology.

Keywords:
conjugationheterocyclesmacrocyclesmulticomponent reactionssteroids

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Steroid structural diversification is crucial for drug discovery and chemical biology.
  • Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as powerful tools for rapid molecular complexity generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in applying MCRs to steroid derivatization.
  • To showcase the synthesis of diverse steroidal scaffolds, heterocycles, and macrocycles.
  • To emphasize the utility of MCRs for creating steroid-based platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing naturally occurring steroids as starting materials.
  • Employing various MCRs, including those based on imine and isocyanide chemistry.
  • Conjugating steroids with amino acids, peptides, and carbohydrates.

Main Results:

  • Steroids possess diverse functionalities amenable to MCRs (e.g., carbonyl, amine, alkyne).
  • MCRs enable efficient synthesis of steroidal heterocycles and macrocycles.
  • Successful conjugation of steroids with biomolecules and construction of complex platforms.

Conclusions:

  • MCRs are highly effective for the diversity-oriented derivatization of steroids.
  • Steroid-based platforms generated via MCRs hold significant potential for drug discovery and chemical biology.
  • MCRs facilitate the construction of complex steroid architectures for various applications.