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Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Resistivity01:22

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

Resistance

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

VIGS-Mediated Forward Genetics Screening for Identification of Genes Involved in Nonhost Resistance
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Mitochondrial Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance.

Veronica Cocetta1, Eugenio Ragazzi1, Monica Montopoli2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy. Understanding mitochondrial mechanisms is crucial for developing new strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy.

Keywords:
cisplatinmitochondriamitochondrial dynamicsmtDNAresistance

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cisplatin is a vital chemotherapy drug, but its effectiveness is limited by cancer cell resistance.
  • Mitochondria are increasingly recognized for their role in cancer development, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the role of mitochondria in cisplatin resistance.
  • To highlight recent research advancements in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on mitochondria and cisplatin resistance.
  • Analysis of the implications of mitochondrial DNA alterations and dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial DNA alterations affect redox balance and nuclear signaling, influencing cell metabolism and resistance.
  • Mitochondrial dynamics provide bioenergetic plasticity, enabling cancer cells to evade chemotherapy-induced death.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are central to cisplatin resistance, offering potential as therapeutic targets.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific resistance mechanisms and develop targeted therapies.