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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Published on: October 8, 2021

Insecticides Promote Inflammation and Gut Barrier Alteration in In-Vitro Human Models.

Carlos Sanchez-Martin¹, Mariagrazia D'Agostino², Stefano Miglietta²

¹Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Xenobiotics

|April 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Common agricultural insecticides can disrupt immune cells and harm the gut barrier. Chronic exposure may lead to immune system dysfunction and intestinal problems in humans.

Keywords:

barrier integrity inflammation insecticides pro-inflammatory macrophages tight junction organization

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Area of Science:

Environmental toxicology
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Widespread agricultural insecticide use raises concerns about chronic human health effects.
Limited data exists on insecticide impact on immune regulation and intestinal barrier integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the immunomodulatory and intestinal effects of common agricultural insecticides using in-vitro models.
To assess insecticide impact on macrophage polarization and intestinal epithelial barrier function.

Main Methods:

Human in-vitro models including primary macrophages and Caco-2 cell monolayers were utilized.
Macrophage viability and polarization were assessed post-insecticide exposure.
Epithelial integrity, oxidative stress, paracellular permeability, and tight junction organization were evaluated.

Main Results:

Insecticides induced a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1 increase, M2 decrease) without affecting cell viability.
Insecticide exposure compromised Caco-2 cell epithelial integrity and disrupted tight junctions.
Spirotetramat significantly increased paracellular permeability, while Spinetoram and Spirotetramat did not induce significant oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

Common insecticides can modulate immune responses and impair intestinal barrier function.
Findings suggest mechanisms for chronic low-level insecticide exposure contributing to human immune dysregulation and epithelial dysfunction.