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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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Gestational diabetes mellitus.

H David McIntyre1, Patrick Catalano2, Cuilin Zhang3

  • 1Mater Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. David.McIntyre@mater.org.au.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with increasing prevalence. While treatment improves outcomes, long-term management and prevention strategies for GDM remain challenging globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia during pregnancy, resolving postpartum.
  • GDM is the most common medical complication in pregnancy, with rising prevalence.
  • Risk factors include obesity, advanced maternal age, and family history of type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment modalities.
  • To discuss the long-term implications for mother and infant.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GDM diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and screening methods like OGTT and GCT.
  • Examination of therapeutic interventions including diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Lack of uniform diagnostic criteria for GDM worldwide.
  • Diet and exercise are primary treatments; insulin and oral agents are used when needed.
  • GDM treatment improves immediate pregnancy outcomes but poses long-term risks.

Conclusions:

  • GDM management requires standardized diagnostic thresholds and effective treatment strategies.
  • Long-term follow-up and preventive measures for GDM are crucial but under-implemented.
  • Addressing GDM is vital for maternal and infant health, necessitating global consensus and action.