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Pathogenicity of Enterococci.

Elizabeth Fiore1,2, Daria Van Tyne1,2, Michael S Gilmore1,2

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Enterococci are hardy microbes that thrive in hospitals, acquiring drug resistance and causing challenging infections. Further research is needed to understand their full pathogenic potential in human diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Enterococci exhibit remarkable adaptability to harsh environments, including hospital surfaces and infection sites.
  • Their intrinsic resilience facilitates interactions with other resistant microbes, leading to the acquisition of additional resistances via mobile genetic elements.
  • The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in hospital-associated enterococci poses a significant therapeutic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the adaptability and resistance mechanisms of enterococci.
  • To underscore the threat of hospital-acquired infections caused by these pathogens.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding enterococcal pathogenic mechanisms in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and synthesis of existing knowledge on enterococci.
  • It analyzes the role of mobile genetic elements in enterococcal adaptation and resistance.
  • It discusses the implications of enterococcal persistence and spread in healthcare settings.

Main Results:

  • Enterococci possess inherent traits for survival in diverse and challenging environments.
  • Mobile genetic elements contribute significantly to the genetic makeup and adaptability of enterococci.
  • Hospital-acquired enterococcal infections represent a major clinical concern due to widespread resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococci are ancient, resilient microbes with significant implications for public health.
  • Understanding their pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments against emerging infectious diseases.
  • Further investigation into the less-defined pathogenic properties of enterococci is warranted.