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Prefrontal Computation as Active Inference.

Thomas Parr1, Rajeev Vijay Rikhye2,3, Michael M Halassa2,3,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models prefrontal cortex function using a Markov decision process, revealing how persistent neural activity supports attention and decision-making by encoding beliefs about changing environments.

Keywords:
active inferenceattentiondecision-makingprefrontal cortexworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for higher-order cognitive functions like working memory, attention, and decision-making.
  • Impairments in PFC function lead to deficits in tasks requiring information maintenance over delays.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying PFC-dependent delay-period activity is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate a rodent task requiring delay-period activity maintenance as a Markov decision process.
  • To model optimal task performance as an active inference problem.
  • To investigate the micro-circuitry and functional specialization within the PFC.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated a Bayes-optimal mouse performing a cue-instructed visual and auditory target selection task.
  • Formulated inference as a message-passing process.
  • Created an in silico PFC model to simulate neuronal coupling and lesion effects.

Main Results:

  • Reproduced features of neuronal coupling within and between PFC regions.
  • Linked recurrent excitatory connections to the encoding of beliefs about temporal transition probabilities.
  • Demonstrated that attentional modulation can be interpreted as contextualizing sensory input with persistent beliefs.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent excitatory connections in the PFC support persistent neuronal activity, encoding beliefs about transition probabilities.
  • Attentional modulation is explained as the contextualization of sensory input by these persistent beliefs.
  • The active inference framework provides insights into PFC micro-circuitry and functional specialization.