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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

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The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
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Buffers02:56

Buffers

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A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Polypropylene Carbonate-Based Adaptive Buffer Layer for Stable Interfaces of Solid Polymer Lithium Metal Batteries.

Haochen Yang, Yamin Zhang, Michael J Tennenbaum

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics , University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

An adaptive buffer layer (ABL) improves solid-solid interfaces in lithium batteries by enhancing contact between the lithium metal anode and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). This boosts battery performance and stability.

Keywords:
adaptive interfaceall-solid-state batteryinterfacial adhesionlithium metal anodesolid polymer electrolyteviscoelastic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer safer, high-energy lithium batteries.
  • Poor interfacial contact between lithium metal anodes and SPEs causes high resistance and low capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the solid-solid interface challenge in lithium batteries.
  • To improve interfacial contact and stability using an adaptive buffer layer (ABL).

Main Methods:

  • Introducing an adaptive buffer layer (ABL) composed of low molecular-weight polypropylene carbonate, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and lithium salt.
  • Characterizing ABL viscoelasticity and ionic conductivity.
  • Evaluating battery performance with and without ABL through cycling tests.

Main Results:

  • ABL demonstrated viscoelastic properties with higher viscosity and ionic conductivity than PEO-only SPE.
  • Batteries with ABL showed only a 20% increase in interfacial resistance after 150 cycles, versus 117% without ABL.
  • ABL-equipped batteries achieved >110 mA·h/g initial discharge capacity, nearly double that of batteries without ABL (60 mA·h/g).

Conclusions:

  • The ABL effectively mitigates interfacial resistance and enhances interfacial contact in lithium metal batteries.
  • ABL improves specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency, leading to more stable battery cycling.
  • This strategy presents a promising solution for advancing solid-state lithium battery technology.