Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

114.4K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
114.4K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.8K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.8K
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

9.1K
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...
9.1K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.4K
Self-Help Support Groups01:28

Self-Help Support Groups

338
Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary strengths of self-help...
338
Support Reactions01:30

Support Reactions

1.5K
A coplanar force system refers to a set of forces that all lie in the same plane and are subject to different reactions between the point of contact and the supports. Understanding how different types of supports affect coplanar forces is crucial for designing safe and reliable structures that can withstand external loads.
The purpose of the supports is to prevent the translational motion of the system by applying an equal and opposite force and to prevent the system's rotation by applying...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TaoChongBao: a large-scale <i>C. elegans</i> missense variant database bridging worm and human genomes.

Life science alliance·2026
Same author

Joubert syndrome 26 protein enforces compartmentalized motility of a ciliary kinesin.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Constancy of olfactory cilia in rodents.

Chemical senses·2025
Same author

Sulfur-doping gradient modulates spin-orbital engineering in cobalt single-atom catalysts: Optimized d-p orbital hybridization for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation.

Water research·2025
Same author

Genome-wide Association Studies of over 30,000 Samples with Bone Mineral Density at Multiple Skeletal Sites and Its Clinical Relevance.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Injectable Hydrogel Adhesive with Rapid In Situ Gelation and Robust Tissue Adhesion for Emergency Hemorrhage Control.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same journal

A developmental shift in glucocorticoid receptor expression preserves glucocorticoid sensitivity in the adult suprachiasmatic nucleus.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Sequential neural dynamics underlie unconscious integration and conscious perception of visual stimuli.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Engineering resilient gene drives for sustainable malaria control by predicting, testing and overcoming target site resistance in Anopheles gambiae.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Shared memories of event details in the human brain are altered by misinformation and test expectations.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Resistance potentiators: Evolutionary catalysts of antibiotic resistance.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

The cell cloud: Adopting systems biology concepts in the era of single-cell immunology.

PLoS biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
19:56

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology

Published on: May 11, 2013

15.7K

Spectrin-based membrane skeleton supports ciliogenesis.

Ru Jia1, Dongdong Li1, Ming Li1

  • 1Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Plos Biology
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectrin provides mechanical support for cell membranes, crucial for building cilia (cilium biogenesis). Mutations impairing spectrin disrupt cilia formation and function, revealing a new role for this protein in cell structure and signaling.

More Related Videos

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
08:02

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

10.3K
Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
19:56

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology

Published on: May 11, 2013

15.7K
Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
08:02

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

10.3K
Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cilia are essential cellular structures involved in motility and signal transduction.
  • Cilium formation (ciliogenesis) is regulated by membrane tension, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Spectrin is a key component of the membrane cytoskeleton, providing mechanical support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of spectrin in ciliogenesis.
  • To determine if spectrin mutations affect cilia formation and function.
  • To explore the conserved function of spectrin in cilia biogenesis across species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome editing in *Caenorhabditis elegans* to introduce hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) associated spectrin mutations.
  • Performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression changes in spectrin-mutant animals.
  • Examined the effects of spectrin mutations on intraflagellar transport (IFT), microtubule stability, and overall cilium structure.

Main Results:

  • Spectrin mutations impaired plasma membrane mechanical support and altered cell shape.
  • RNA-seq revealed a global down-regulation of ciliary gene expression in spectrin mutants.
  • Spectrin mutations disrupted IFT, destabilized axonemal microtubules, inhibited cilium formation, and spectrin was found to localize within cilia.

Conclusions:

  • Spectrin plays a critical, conserved role in regulating ciliogenesis through mechanical support of the plasma membrane.
  • Impaired spectrin function directly impacts cilia assembly and integrity.
  • This study uncovers a novel link between the membrane cytoskeleton and the biogenesis of cilia.