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Related Concept Videos

Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

39.5K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

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As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

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The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.2K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

3.2K
The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
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Lipidomics and Transcriptomics in Neurological Diseases
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Plasma exchange in neurological disease.

Chinar Osman1, Rachel Jennings2, Khaled El-Ghariani3

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Therapeutic Apheresis

Background:

  • Plasma exchange (PLEX) is an established apheresis technique for removing circulating autoantibodies.
  • Historically, it was a primary acute treatment for peripheral autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis.
  • Recent advancements highlight its potential in severe antibody-mediated central nervous system disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and technical aspects of plasma exchange.
  • To discuss current indications for plasma exchange, particularly in neurological disorders.
  • To explore the implications of plasma exchange provision in the UK.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on plasma exchange efficacy and applications.
  • Analysis of historical and current clinical evidence for plasma exchange.
  • Discussion of practical considerations for implementing plasma exchange services.

Main Results:

  • Plasma exchange effectively removes autoantibodies and other humoral factors from the vascular compartment.
  • It remains a vital acute treatment for established peripheral autoimmune disorders.
  • Growing evidence supports its use in acute, severe antibody-mediated central nervous system diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma exchange is a key therapeutic apheresis modality with renewed relevance for central nervous system autoimmune disorders.
  • Understanding its principles and indications is essential for optimal patient management.
  • Consideration of service provision is necessary to ensure access to this critical treatment in the UK.