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Interventions Targeting the Beef Feedlot Environment to Control Antimicrobial Resistance: A Mathematical Modelling

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Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can persist and grow in cattle feedlots for years, even without antibiotic use. Farm hygiene measures can reduce resistant E. coli, but elimination is challenging in certain climates.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases
  • Antimicrobial resistance dynamics

Background:

  • Livestock are a concern for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes.
  • Antimicrobial resistance genes persist in cattle pens for years post-removal.
  • Global efforts focus on antibiotic use and alternatives in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical model for antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria dynamics.
  • To predict and explore resistance gene growth in food-producing animal environments.
  • To assess the impact of environmental factors and hygiene on resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a difference equation-based compartmental modeling framework.
  • Derived an algebraic formula for the relative rate of growth of resistant bacteria (RAMR).
  • Modeled tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli dynamics in feedlot environments.

Main Results:

  • RAMR > 1 (growth) for tetracycline-resistant E. coli is possible under various conditions, even without antimicrobial use.
  • The model reproduced field data showing rapid resistant E. coli growth.
  • Hygiene measures like pen floor scraping can significantly reduce resistant E. coli, especially in cold climates.

Conclusions:

  • Farm environments like feedlots can support antimicrobial-resistant bacteria persistence and growth without antibiotic use.
  • The system demonstrates resilience, making complete elimination difficult.
  • Environmental factors, particularly climate (e.g., lack of freeze-thaw cycles), impact the effectiveness of cleaning measures.