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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Non-Coding RNAs and their Integrated Networks.

Peijing Zhang1, Wenyi Wu1, Qi Chen1

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators in eukaryotic gene expression, influencing cellular processes. This review explores diverse ncRNA types, their functions, and interactions within complex biological networks.

Keywords:
ceRNA networkintegrated networkncRNA interactionnon-coding RNAregulatory ncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes exhibit pervasive transcription, producing not only protein-coding RNAs but also various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Non-coding RNAs play critical roles in modulating complex molecular and cellular processes, essential for biological functions.
  • Advancements in RNA sequencing and bioinformatics have significantly enhanced the study and understanding of ncRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct types of non-coding RNAs, categorizing them into housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs.
  • To elucidate the versatile functions, interactions, transcription, translation, and modification of various ncRNAs.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNA interaction networks and their regulatory roles in gene networks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on non-coding RNAs.
  • Synthesis of information regarding ncRNA classification, functions, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of integrated networks of ncRNA interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identification and categorization of housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs.
  • Detailed description of ncRNA functions, including their roles in gene regulation.
  • Summary of ncRNA interactions with other biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • Elucidation of ncRNA transcription, translation, and post-transcriptional modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs are integral components of eukaryotic gene regulatory networks.
  • Understanding ncRNA diversity and interactions is crucial for comprehending cellular processes.
  • This review offers a comprehensive landscape of ncRNA regulatory roles in biology.