Visual function is reduced in young adults formerly born prematurely: a population-based study

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Preterm birth is a significant global health concern, impacting long-term developmental outcomes.
• Visual impairments can arise from preterm birth, with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) being a known complication.
• Long-term visual function in adults born preterm requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate visual function in young adults born preterm.
• To compare visual function between preterm-born and full-term-born individuals.
• To identify potential risk factors for reduced visual function in this cohort.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of young adults born preterm (birth weight ≤1500 g) and a control group born at term were recruited.
• Visual acuity (distance and near), visual fields, and contrast sensitivity were assessed using standardized methods.
• Statistical analyses were performed to compare visual function between groups and identify risk factors.

Main Results:

• Preterm-born adults demonstrated significantly lower distance and near visual acuity, reduced contrast sensitivity, and poorer visual fields compared to full-term controls.
• These visual deficits were observed even in preterm individuals without a history of ROP or neurological complications.
• Treated ROP was identified as a risk factor for diminished near visual acuity and visual fields.

Conclusions:

• Visual function remains impaired in adulthood for individuals born preterm.
• Prematurity itself, independent of ROP or neurological issues, appears to contribute to reduced visual function.
• These findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and potential interventions for visual health in preterm survivors.