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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy.

Stefanie P Lazow1, Dario O Fauza2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) offers a novel prenatal treatment for congenital anomalies. This approach uses fetal stem cells to promote tissue repair and ameliorate conditions like spina bifida and gastroschisis.

Keywords:
Amniotic mesenchymal stem cellAmniotic neural stem cellAmniotic stem cellFetal cell therapyFetal stem cellTRASCETTransamniotic stem cell therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Prenatal Therapy
  • Fetal Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Congenital anomalies require innovative prenatal treatment strategies.
  • Fetal stem cells, such as amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs), play a role in natural fetal tissue repair.
  • Existing treatments for major congenital anomalies have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) as a prenatal therapeutic approach.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of TRASCET in ameliorating congenital anomalies.
  • To explore the mechanisms of stem cell homing and therapeutic action in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Intra-amniotic delivery of expanded fetal stem cells (afMSCs).
  • Utilizing animal models for congenital anomalies like spina bifida and gastroschisis.
  • Tracking donor stem cell distribution and assessing therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • TRASCET promoted repair and ameliorated effects of neural tube and abdominal wall defects.
  • In spina bifida models, TRASCET induced neoskin formation, protecting the spinal cord.
  • Gastroschisis models showed reduced bowel inflammation following TRASCET.
  • Donor stem cells were found to home to the placenta and fetal bone marrow, suggesting hematogenous routing.

Conclusions:

  • TRASCET is a promising prenatal therapy for congenital anomalies.
  • The mechanism involves stem cell homing and augmentation of fetal repair processes.
  • Further research is expanding TRASCET to conditions without amniotic fluid exposure and maternal diseases.