Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transamniotic Fetal Delivery of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mRNA.

FASEB bioAdvances·2026
Same author

Esophagus engineering tackles function.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Transamniotic fetal mRNA vaccination: Active immunization against Zika virus in a rodent model.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026
Same author

Prenatal administration of Immunoglobulin-M (IgM) via transamniotic fetal immunotherapy (TRAFIT).

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026
Same author

Transamniotic Delivery of Coagulation Factor VIII mRNA: A Step Toward a Potential Novel Strategy for the Perinatal Management of Hemophilia A.

FASEB bioAdvances·2025
Same author

Sustained early postnatal humoral and cellular immunity against human cytomegalovirus after transamniotic fetal mRNA vaccination in a rodent model.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2025
Same journal

Utilizing Single-Cell and Transcriptomic Data to Identify Mitochondrial Pathway-Associated Prognostic Genes and Their Regulatory Mechanisms of Action in Ovarian Cancer.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same journal

Gene-Environment Interactions in Childhood Asthma: From Prenatal Exposures to Targeted Interventions.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same journal

m6A-Modified KLF11 Inhibits Macrophage Foam Cell Formation by Transcriptionally Suppressing ATP5B Expression in Atherosclerosis.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same journal

Dissecting Allele-Specific Expression (ASE) in Landrace × Meishan Cross Pig Fetal-Placental Tissues: Distribution, Functional Split, and Mechanisms.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same journal

Blockade of FGFR1 Trafficking to the Cell Surface Results in the Partial Mistargeting of the Receptor to Peroxisomes.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same journal

A Myocyte-Enriched Long Non-Coding RNA NRMLncR Enhances Myogenesis in Mouse.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model
06:43

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

Published on: October 9, 2018

10.2K

Self-Amplifying mRNA Enhances Transamniotic Fetal mRNA Delivery.

Alex L Huang1, Emily M Scire1, Tanya T Dang1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|February 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) shows superior fetal and neonatal distribution compared to linear mRNA after intraamniotic injection. saRNA enhances protein translation, maximizing therapeutic potential for fetal mRNA therapies.

Keywords:
TRANATfetal gene therapyfetal mRNA therapyself‐amplifying RNAtransamniotic mRNA therapytransamniotic nucleic acid therapy

More Related Videos

Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation
09:40

Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation

Published on: June 7, 2019

7.7K
Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation
07:39

Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation

Published on: April 14, 2023

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model
06:43

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

Published on: October 9, 2018

10.2K
Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation
09:40

Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation

Published on: June 7, 2019

7.7K
Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation
07:39

Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation

Published on: April 14, 2023

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Intraamniotic injection of linear mRNA for fetal therapy is limited by short half-life and translation.
  • Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) is engineered for in vivo amplification of the gene of interest (GOI).
  • saRNA offers potential for enhanced protein expression compared to conventional linear mRNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the fetal and neonatal distribution and translation of saRNA versus linear mRNA.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of saRNA delivered via intraamniotic injection in a rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Intraamniotic injections of lipopolyplex-encapsulated linear mRNA or saRNA encoding firefly luciferase were administered on gestational day 17 in Sprague-Dawley rats.
  • Control groups received lipopolyplex without mRNA.
  • Luciferase activity was measured at term and postnatal days 7 and 14 across multiple fetal and neonatal anatomical sites.

Main Results:

  • saRNA demonstrated significantly higher luciferase activity at term in 9 anatomical sites, including placenta, liver, heart, and kidney, compared to controls.
  • Linear mRNA showed significantly higher activity only in the umbilical cord at term.
  • No significant differences were detected between mRNA groups and controls at later time points.

Conclusions:

  • saRNA leads to more robust and extended protein translation in fetuses and neonates following transamniotic delivery compared to linear mRNA.
  • saRNA holds significant promise for enhancing the efficacy of mRNA-based fetal therapies delivered through the amniotic fluid.
  • This study supports saRNA as a superior platform for transamniotic fetal gene therapy applications.