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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Left ventricular geometry correlates with early repolarization pattern in adolescent athletes.

Michele Miragoli1,2, Matteo Goldoni1,2, Pierluigi Demola1,3

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|July 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Early repolarization pattern (ERp) is common in adolescent athletes, appearing in 22% of cases. This ECG finding correlates with cardiac adaptations from training, not increased risk.

Keywords:
adolescent athlete's heartarrhythmic riskethnicityleft ventricular remodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Electrocardiography

Background:

  • Early repolarization pattern (ERp) with J-point elevation can indicate arrhythmic risk in adults.
  • Prevalence and clinical significance in adolescent athletes remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of ERp in non-professional adolescent athletes.
  • To correlate ERp with demographic, clinical, and cardiac parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 414 ECGs from adolescent athletes.
  • Evaluation of ERp prevalence and association with age, sex, ethnicity, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac structure/electrical parameters.

Main Results:

  • ERp found in 22% of athletes, more common in Black athletes and males.
  • ERp associated with higher systolic blood pressure, lower heart rate, shorter QRS duration, and signs of concentric left ventricular remodeling (LVH, increased LV mass, RWT).
  • Lower heart rate, shorter QRS duration, LVH, and RWT were significant predictors of ERp.

Conclusions:

  • ERp is common and generally benign in adolescent athletes.
  • ERp is associated with cardiac adaptations to training, including concentric remodeling.
  • Clinical and ECG findings like lower HR and LVH predict ERp in this population.