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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Microstructural plasticity in the bilingual brain.

Daiyi Luo1, Veronica P Y Kwok2, Qing Liu3

  • 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

Brain and Language
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Second language acquisition enhances brain microstructure, particularly in regions vital for language processing. Early learning significantly boosts cortical development at the microstructural level in bilingual brains.

Keywords:
Age of second language acquisitionBilingualismLexical competitionQuantitative MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Bilingualism demonstrates the human brain's capacity for multiple language acquisition.
  • Previous research indicates second language (L2) learning causes macrostructural neuroplasticity.
  • The microstructural impact of L2 acquisition remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how L2 learning modulates brain microstructure.
  • To quantify microstructural properties in bilingual individuals using advanced MRI techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quantitative MRI (qMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI).
  • Quantified microstructural brain properties.
  • Correlated findings with age of second language acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant microstructural variations in the left inferior frontal region and left fusiform gyrus.
  • These regions are critical for managing lexical competition in bilinguals.
  • Age of acquisition correlated with observed microstructural changes.

Conclusions:

  • Second language learning induces measurable changes at the brain's microstructural level.
  • Early L2 acquisition is associated with enhanced cortical development.
  • Neuroimaging reveals specific brain regions affected by bilingualism.