Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Published on: June 27, 2025
Aortic or Pulmonary Valved Homograft Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit in the Norwood Procedure
Teimour Nasirov1, Katsuhide Maeda1, Olaf Reinhartz1
11 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Background:
Several modifications of the Norwood procedure utilizing valved right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits have recently been reported. Our group has been using aortic or pulmonary valved homografts combined with PTFE tube grafts for now 16 years.
Methods:
In this report, we review our technique in detail and describe any changes that have occurred over the years. We provide detailed illustrations of our preferred surgical technique, report outcome data, and compare it to the other conduit options available.
Results:
Between 2006 and 2015, 130 stage I Norwood procedures were performed at our institution, 100 of them using valved conduits. Our technique is described and illustrated in detail. Early mortality was 15%. Postoperative percutaneous intervention on the conduit was required in 29% of cases.
Conclusions:
While a randomized trial comparing different valved conduits is lacking, we believe a composite conduit made from homograft aortic or pulmonary valves and PTFE tube grafts is an excellent choice in stage I Norwood procedure.
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