Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Selective sugar transport supports Proteus mirabilis fitness in the urinary tract.

PLoS pathogens·2026

Same author

VO: The Vaccine Ontology.

Scientific data·2026

Same author

Network-level divergence in cyclic di-GMP signalling drives ecological versatility in Acinetobacter baumannii.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026

Same author

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Enhances <i>Escherichia coli</i> Urinary Tract Infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103.

Nature microbiology·2025

Same author

Integrating genomic and Tn-Seq data to identify common <i>in vivo</i> fitness mechanisms across multiple bacterial species.

mBio·2025

Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

Insertional Mutagenesis Protocol for Constructing Single or Sequential Mutations.

Melanie M Pearson¹, Stephanie D Himpsl², Harry L T Mobley²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. mpears@med.umich.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new group II intron-based method for genetic mutation in Proteus mirabilis bacteria. This efficient technique allows for single or multiple gene mutations and DNA sequence deletion.

Keywords:

Cre-lox recombination Group II intron Mutagenesis Targetron

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 3, 2016

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders

Published on: September 4, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 3, 2016

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders

Published on: September 4, 2011

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Genetic mutations are crucial for understanding gene function by comparing mutants to their parent strains.
Traditional methods like allelic exchange in Proteus mirabilis are laborious and often fail.
Existing protocols for lambda red recombinase-based mutations are unavailable for P. mirabilis.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce an efficient and reliable method for insertional mutagenesis in Proteus mirabilis.
To overcome limitations of existing genetic manipulation techniques in P. mirabilis.
To provide a protocol for generating single or multiple gene mutations.

Main Methods:

Utilized group II introns for insertional mutagenesis by retargeting.
Developed a protocol applicable to P. mirabilis strains.
Included steps for generating single and multiple mutations.
Enabled the deletion of intervening DNA sequences.

Main Results:

Successfully established a novel insertional mutagenesis protocol for P. mirabilis.
Demonstrated the ability to create both single and multiple mutations.
Showcased the capability to delete specific DNA segments.
Provided a viable alternative to labor-intensive traditional methods.

Conclusions:

The group II intron-based retargeting method offers an efficient alternative for genetic mutation in P. mirabilis.
This new protocol facilitates the study of gene function in P. mirabilis.
The method's flexibility allows for diverse genetic modifications, including DNA deletion.