[Periodontitis and proteases. Hardly a closed case]

During periodontal inflammation, a multitude of substances both from the host and of microbiological origin are released into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCV) and saliva. These substances, such as proteins and peptides, can therefore be regarded as biomarkers of the inflammatory process. With the help of sensitive and advanced laboratory technologies, the role of these biomarkers has been identified. However, the high costs, complexity and difficulty of interpretation of the results often hinder the introduction of biomarkers for diagnostic purposes in the dental practice. Certain salivary enzymes, proteases, can function as biomarkers and have interesting properties for producing rapid chairside diagnoses, because the presence of a protease or proteolytic activity can be demonstrated in a simple and rapid biochemical way, for example by colour signalling. Since other processes in the oral cavity influence the results of the test, such tests are especially useful as one element in a broader oral diagnostic investigation.