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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Regulating Transition-Metal Catalysis through Interference by Short RNAs.

Sydnee A Green1, Hayden R Montgomery1, Tyler R Benton1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 18, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel gold(I)-DNA hybrid catalyst. This bio-compatible catalyst

Keywords:
DNAzymesbiocatalysisgold catalysishydroaminationmetal-mediated base pairs

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Nucleic Acid Chemistry

Background:

  • Transition metal catalysts are crucial in synthetic biology but often lack compatibility with biological media.
  • Controlling the activity of metal catalysts in biological systems remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel gold(I)-DNA hybrid catalyst compatible with biological environments.
  • To enable regulation of catalytic activity using nucleic acid sequences.
  • To explore the potential for spatiotemporal control of transition metal catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery of a novel gold(I)-mediated base pair involving C-T mismatches in DNA.
  • Design of a latent gold(I)-DNA catalyst where the gold(I) ion is sequestered and inactive.
  • Demonstration of catalytic activity induction via addition of complementary RNA or DNA strands.

Main Results:

  • A novel Au(I)-DNA hybrid catalyst was successfully synthesized and shown to be compatible with biological media.
  • The catalyst's activity was regulated by complementary nucleic acid sequences, switching from an inactive to an active state.
  • A sevenfold increase in fluorescent product formation was observed, driven by a gold(I)-catalyzed hydroamination reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Au(I)-DNA hybrid catalyst offers a new platform for bio-compatible catalysis.
  • Nucleic acid-mediated regulation allows for precise control over catalyst reactivity.
  • This system expands the possibilities for synthetic biological systems and spatiotemporal control of transition metal catalysis.