Right Atrial Thrombus and Challenges in its Management

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Surgery
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Right atrial thrombi are a known complication of central venous cannulation.
• They can form on injured endothelium, implanted devices, or foreign bodies like catheters.
• Associated devices include chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, and hemodialysis catheters.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence, formation, and consequences of right atrial thrombi.
• To highlight the association between central venous catheters and thrombus formation.
• To emphasize the potential severe outcomes of right atrial thrombi.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on right atrial thrombi.
• Analysis of factors contributing to thrombus formation.
• Examination of clinical consequences and associated risks.

Main Results:

• Right atrial thrombi incidence is less than left atrial thrombi but carries significant risks.
• Thrombi form at various sites, often related to indwelling devices.
• Potential complications include pulmonary embolism, septic emboli, and cardiac dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• Right atrial thrombi are a serious complication of central venous catheters.
• Risk factors are multifactorial, including patient and device characteristics.
• Prompt recognition and management are essential to prevent severe outcomes.