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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration
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Limb Salvage Using Combined Linking Perforator Free Flaps.

Youn Hwan Kim1, Gyeong Hoe Kim2, Georgios Pafitanis3,4

  • 1Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|July 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microsurgical free tissue transfer using combined linking perforator flaps effectively reconstructs extensive lower limb defects in a single stage. This technique offers a viable solution for limb salvage, demonstrating good outcomes with minimal complications.

Keywords:
free tissue flapsperforator flapreconstructive procedure

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Microsurgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Microsurgical free tissue transfer is a cornerstone for extensive lower limb defect reconstruction.
  • Challenges remain in achieving optimal outcomes for large-scale defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the experience with microsurgically fabricated combined linking perforator flaps for one-stage reconstruction of extensive lower limb defects.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this reconstructive approach.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 16 patients undergoing reconstruction for extensive lower limb defects between April 2008 and November 2016.
  • Utilized combined linking flaps, including thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps or anterolateral thigh flaps.

Main Results:

  • No total flap failures occurred in the 16 reconstructed lower limb defects.
  • Three anterolateral thigh flaps experienced partial loss requiring skin grafting; one wound disruption healed conservatively.
  • All donor sites achieved primary healing without dehiscence.

Conclusions:

  • Combined linking perforator flaps represent an uncommon yet effective method for reconstructing extensive lower limb defects.
  • This technique facilitates successful limb salvage through single-stage operative procedures.