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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Structure and Acidity02:34

Molecular Structure and Acidity

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An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...
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Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

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Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

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According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
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The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a relationship between the variables. A clear direction happens when there is either:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging
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Resolving Molecular Structures with High-Resolution Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Images.

Pengchong Liu1, Xing Chen1, Hepeng Ye1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.

ACS Nano
|July 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized single molecule vibrations using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. They identified the specific molecular structure and explained how optical effects influence image resolution, clarifying experimental observations.

Keywords:
TDDFTatomic resolutionnear fieldplasmonicsstructural characterizationtip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) enables atomic-resolution visualization of single molecule vibrational modes.
  • Interpreting the exact vibrational modes from TERS images remains challenging due to a lack of theoretical understanding.
  • Understanding TERS image formation is crucial for accurate molecular analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the Raman scattering images of a single Cobalt(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin molecule.
  • To identify the molecular structure responsible for consistent experimental TERS results.
  • To elucidate the influence of optical phenomena on TERS image resolution and interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of Raman scattering images for a single Cobalt(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin molecule.
  • Identification of a stable molecular structure matching experimental TERS data.
  • Analysis of near-field localization and field gradient effects on image resolution.
  • Application of locally integrated Raman polarizability density for image origin explanation.

Main Results:

  • A stable molecular structure of Cobalt(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin was identified, yielding TERS images consistent with experimental findings.
  • The study elucidated the significant impact of near-field optical effects on TERS image resolution.
  • The locally integrated Raman polarizability density approach provided an intuitive explanation for experimental TERS image origins.

Conclusions:

  • This work establishes a theoretical framework for interpreting TERS images of single molecules.
  • The findings clarify the relationship between molecular vibrations, optical field effects, and observed TERS patterns.
  • The developed approach offers a pathway to more accurate analysis of complex molecular systems using TERS.