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This study advances open microfluidics by adapting the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law for U-shaped grooves and networks. Capillary flow dynamics, especially after bifurcations, are more complex than previously understood.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Open capillary flows are vital in biotechnology, biology, thermics, and space science.
  • Previous studies primarily focused on capillary flow dynamics within confined channels.
  • Recent advancements in open microfluidics theory have generalized the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spontaneous capillary flow in open rounded U-grooves.
  • To analyze capillary flow behavior at bifurcations.
  • To examine capillary flow dynamics within a simple-loop network.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed methods for determining friction lengths in U-grooves.
  • Applied generalized Lucas-Washburn-Rideal theory using average friction length and generalized Cassie angle.
  • Studied flow dynamics in uniform cross-section U-grooves, at bifurcations, and in loop networks.

Main Results:

  • Derived expressions for travel distance in open microfluidic systems.
  • Demonstrated the need to adapt the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law for bifurcated flows.
  • Identified a more complex time dependency for travel distance after bifurcations than the square root of time.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized Lucas-Washburn-Rideal theory provides a framework for understanding open capillary flows.
  • Flow behavior at bifurcations significantly alters capillary flow dynamics.
  • Future research should consider these complexities for accurate modeling in microfluidic networks.