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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation
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Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Angular Measures Using TEMPLO Two-dimensional Motion Analysis Software.

Andrea Greisberger1, Brigitte Wolf1, Klaus Widhalm1

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
|July 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The TEMPLO software demonstrates excellent reliability for measuring craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean. This ensures precise clinical assessments, with changes over 2.3° indicating true variability.

Keywords:
PostureReproducibility of Results

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Ergonomics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean is crucial for assessing posture and spinal health.
  • The TEMPLO software is increasingly used for motion analysis, but its reliability for specific postural measurements requires validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of the TEMPLO software for marking craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean.
  • To provide data to support the use of TEMPLO software in clinical practice for postural assessments.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective test-retest reliability study was conducted with four raters measuring 22 video frames on two separate occasions.
  • Craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean were marked using TEMPLO software.
  • Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC).

Main Results:

  • Intraclass correlation coefficients for both intrarater and interrater reliability were excellent, ranging from 0.98 to 1.00.
  • Standard errors of measurement (SEM) ranged from 0.4° to 0.8°.
  • Minimal detectable change (MDC) values ranged from 0.8° to 2.3°, indicating the threshold for a significant change.

Conclusions:

  • The TEMPLO software exhibits excellent reliability for assessing craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean.
  • Clinicians can be confident in using TEMPLO for consistent postural measurements.
  • Changes greater than 2.3° in these angles, when measured with TEMPLO, likely represent true physiological changes rather than measurement error.