Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

14.2K
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
14.2K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

6.6K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
6.6K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

8.8K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.8K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.8K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.8K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.8K
Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

6.6K
The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative evaluation of proximal caries detection methods using human, artificial intelligence, and micro-CT assessments.

Journal of dentistry·2026
Same author

Influence of Surface Conditioning Protocols and Lining Materials on the Fracture Resistance of Aged 3D-Printed Onlay Restorations.

Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Wavelength-Dependent Transmitted Irradiance Through Lithium Disilicate Ceramics.

Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Behaviour change support education in chronic disease: An international focus group study with undergraduate students and academic educators in nursing, pharmacy and sport science disciplines.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Reaction Network and Kinetics Model for Neutral Hydrolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate).

Industrial & engineering chemistry research·2026
Same author

Driving Hydrolysis and Acetolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by Microwave and Thermal Energy Inputs: A Comparative Study.

ACS omega·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
13:42

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

32.2K

A precision RNA degradation machinery shapes stem cell development.

Patrícia Pereira1, Cecília M Arraiano2

  • 1Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|July 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The RNA exosome, alongside transcription factors and chromatin modifiers, controls embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and pluripotency. This research highlights the exosome's crucial role in maintaining stem cell identity.

More Related Videos

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples
07:30

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

12.7K
Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

258

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
13:42

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

32.2K
Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples
07:30

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

12.7K
Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

258

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into various cell types.
  • Maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation are critical for embryonic development.
  • Complex regulatory networks involving transcription factors and chromatin modifiers govern ESC fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the RNA exosome in regulating ESC differentiation and pluripotency.
  • To elucidate the interplay between the RNA exosome, transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers in stem cell regulation.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved molecular biology techniques to assess RNA exosome function.
  • Analysis of gene expression and protein interactions related to pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Investigating the impact of RNA exosome activity on chromatin structure and transcription factor binding.

Main Results:

  • The RNA exosome was identified as a key regulator of ESC differentiation.
  • The exosome functions in concert with transcription factors and chromatin modifiers.
  • These combined factors control the balance between stem cell pluripotency and differentiation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The RNA exosome plays a significant role in governing ESC pluripotency and differentiation.
  • A complex network, including the RNA exosome, transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers, orchestrates stem cell fate.
  • Understanding this network is crucial for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.