Hyperoside protects rat ovarian granulosa cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury by sonic hedgehog signaling...

Sustained exogenous stimuli induce oxidative stress in granulosa cells and cause cell apoptosis, thereby resulting in follicular atresia. Hyperoside is a natural flavonoid that possesses anti-oxidant activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperoside on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in granulosa cells. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the apoptotic rate. Western blot was carried out to determine the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Gli1, and smoothened (SMO). The mRNA levels of SHH, Gli1, and SMO were analyzed using qRT-PCR. We found that hyperoside improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated granulosa cells. The increased MDA level and decreased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed by hyperoside treatment. The apoptotic rate of H₂O₂-stimulated granulosa cells was reduced after treatment with hyperoside. Hyperoside treatment caused a decrease in Bax expression and an increase in Bcl-2 expression in H₂O₂-stimulated granulosa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of SHH, Gli1, and SMO in H₂O₂-stimulated granulosa cells were elevated by hyperoside treatment. Suppression of SHH pathway by cyclopamine attenuated the protective effects of hyperoside on H₂O₂-induced injury. In short, hyperoside protected granulosa cells from H₂O₂-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress via activation of the SHH signaling pathway.