Incidence of composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid in 158 surgically resected polyps and its association with...

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid (CIAM) is a rare colorectal lesion consisting of adenoma and small well-differentiated neuroendocrine cell clusters at its base. Its incidence is unknown. Benign squamous morule may demonstrate a neuroendocrine phenotype by immunohistochemistry. We investigated the incidence and clinicopathologic features of CIAM in endoscopically unresectable, surgically removed colorectal adenomas and evaluated its association with squamous morule. Archived pathology materials from 158 surgically resected colorectal adenomas were reviewed. 139 (88%) polyps were entirely submitted for microscopic examination. All lymph nodes were negative for adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor. CIAM was identified in 6 (3.8%) cases. The microcarcinoid (MC) was distributed over a mean of 5.8 mm (range < 1 to 12 mm), and was multifocal in 5 cases. The MC component was positive for synaptophysin in 6, CK5/6 in 4, and β-catenin in 3 cases. Two of 6 (33.3%) CIAM showed concurrent squamous morule, compared to 4.0% (6 of 152) of adenomas without MC (p < 0.05). At the end of the mean follow-up of 53 months, 4 were free of disease and one patient with previous history of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) had a recurrence of NEC. One patient died of an unrelated disease. The incidence of CIAM in surgically removed colorectal adenomas is 3.8%, with an indolent clinical course. Frequent co-expression of CK5/6 and β-catenin in MC combined with common co-existence of squamous morule in the same polyp suggests shared pathogenesis of MC in CIAM and squamous morule, likely representing altered Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.