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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Factors Determining Where Category-Selective Areas Emerge in Visual Cortex.

Hans P Op de Beeck1, Ineke Pillet1, J Brendan Ritchie1

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognition and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|July 23, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The location of specialized brain areas for categories like faces and words depends on pre-existing neural properties, computational position, and connectivity. This explains why visual cortex develops specific category representations during development.

Keywords:
categorizationcognitive neuroscienceoccipitotemporal cortexvision sciences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Functional localization in the human brain shows specialized visual cortex areas for categories like faces and words.
  • Understanding the developmental origins of this category selectivity is a key question in neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors that determine the precise cortical location of experience-driven category selectivity in the visual system.
  • To explain why specific visual areas become specialized for representing particular categories during development.

Main Methods:

  • This study synthesizes recent findings on neural development and visual processing.
  • It considers factors such as pre-existing stimulus property selectivity, hierarchical position, and inter-regional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Experience-driven category selectivity emerges in visual cortex regions with inherent selectivity for stimulus features.
  • Appropriate placement within the visual system's computational hierarchy is crucial.
  • Domain-specific connectivity patterns with non-visual brain regions also play a significant role.

Conclusions:

  • The cortical location of category selectivity is not random but is constrained by the nature of the stimulus category.
  • The representational format (how it is represented) and the functional utility (why it is used) influence where selectivity arises.
  • These factors collectively shape the functional architecture of the human visual cortex.