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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Utilizing 3D Printing Technology to Merge MRI with Histology: A Protocol for Brain Sectioning
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3D printing with MRI in pediatric applications.

Jayanthi Parthasarathy1, Ramkumar Krishnamurthy1, Adam Ostendorf2

  • 1The Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

3D printing (3DP) is increasingly used in medicine for planning surgeries and educating patients. This review details the technical process and diverse pediatric applications of 3DP in various medical fields.

Keywords:
3D printingpediatric MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging and 3D Printing
  • Surgical Planning and Education
  • Pediatric Medical Applications

Background:

  • 3D printing (3DP) applications have grown significantly in clinical evaluation, preoperative planning, patient and trainee education, and simulation over the last decade.
  • Common applications are observed in cardiovascular, head and neck, orthopedic, neurological, urological, and oncological surgical cases.
  • This review focuses on the technical aspects and pediatric applications of 3DP in medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technical pathway for creating physical models from medical imaging data.
  • To discuss considerations for 3D printing in pediatric MRI acquisition, data requirements, and postprocessing.
  • To explore diverse pediatric applications and other uses of 3D printing in healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technical processes for 3D model creation, including image acquisition, segmentation, and postprocessing.
  • Assessment of standard practices and software used in 3D model generation.
  • Compilation of examples across various pediatric surgical and imaging specialties.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of the technical steps involved in generating 3D printed models from medical images.
  • Exploration of specific pediatric applications in cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, oncology, and more.
  • Examination of 3DP for creating phantoms, patient education tools, and training modules.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing offers a versatile tool for enhancing medical practice, from surgical planning to patient education.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of 3DP techniques and applications, particularly in pediatrics.
  • Further development and implementation of 3D printing programs are crucial for advancing healthcare.