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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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Designable Spectrometer-Free Index Sensing Using Plasmonic Doppler Gratings.

Fan-Cheng Lin1, Kel-Meng See1, Lei Ouyang2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.

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|July 23, 2019
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We developed a new plasmonic Doppler grating (PDG) sensor for refractive index sensing. This designable platform offers enhanced sensitivity and enables single-color, on-site measurements without spectrometers.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Conventional nanoparticle-based plasmonic index sensors rely on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectral shifts.
  • LSPR sensors often have limitations in sensitivity and design flexibility due to broad spectral peaks and fixed spectral positions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a fully designable index sensing platform using plasmonic Doppler gratings (PDGs).
  • To demonstrate the capability of PDGs for both large and small refractive index variations.
  • To enable on-site, single-color index sensing without the need for spectrometers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing plasmonic Doppler gratings (PDGs) with broadband and azimuthal angle-dependent grating periodicity.
  • Leveraging momentum matching between photons and surface plasmons via grating lattice momentum for index sensing.
  • Translating refractive index changes into variations of the in-plane azimuthal angle for photon-to-plasmon coupling.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated PDG index sensors capable of detecting large (n = 1.00-1.52) and small (n = 1.3330-1.3650) index variations.
  • Successfully observed and quantified tiny, nonlinear index changes in water-ethanol mixtures.
  • PDG sensors manifested index changes as directly observable dark bands in reflection images.

Conclusions:

  • PDG index sensors offer a designable and flexible alternative to traditional LSPR sensors.
  • The technology enables on-site, single-color index sensing, eliminating the need for spectrometers.
  • PDGs present a promising spectroscopic platform for on-chip analytical applications.