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Quantum systems can violate the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links precision and energy cost. This violation stems from quantum noise, offering insights into quantum heat engine performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • A thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) establishes a trade-off between precision (current fluctuations) and energy dissipation (cost) in classical systems.
  • Systems violating the TUR are of interest as they may overcome limitations in heat engine efficiency, power output, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins and impact of TUR violations in quantum thermoelectric junctions under steady-state conditions.
  • To identify the specific components of quantum noise responsible for TUR violations.
  • To determine the parameter regimes where TUR violations occur in quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of noninteracting electron transport in quantum thermoelectric junctions.
  • Distinguishing between classical and quantum contributions to current noise.
  • Numerical simulations of a serial double quantum dot system.

Main Results:

  • Only the classical component of current noise adheres to the TUR; the quantum component drives potential violations.
  • TUR violations are observable in both voltage-biased junctions and thermoelectric engines within specific parameter ranges, particularly in the resonant transport regime.
  • The TUR is consistently observed in noninteracting thermoelectric generators as they approach their thermodynamic efficiency limit.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum noise is the key factor enabling TUR violations in quantum thermoelectric systems.
  • Understanding TUR violations provides insights into the fundamental trade-offs governing quantum heat engines.
  • The findings contribute to the development of more efficient quantum energy devices.