High-fat diet intake induces depressive-like behavior in ovariectomized rats

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neuroscience
• Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

• Menopause is associated with hormonal shifts, metabolic changes, and increased risk of depression.
• Obesity, particularly post-menopause, is a growing concern with potential links to mental health disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the combined effects of ovariectomy (surgical menopause), high-fat diet, and estradiol replacement on hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral parameters in rats.
• To explore the relationship between obesity, hormonal changes, and depressive-like behaviors in a menopausal model.

Main Methods:

• Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery, fed either standard chow or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks.
• Subgroups received estradiol replacement; depressive-like behaviors were assessed using the forced swim test and locomotor activity via the elevated plus maze.

Main Results:

• Ovariectomy alone increased weight gain, feed efficiency, hyperleptinemia, and glucose intolerance.
• High-fat diet exacerbated ovariectomy-induced metabolic alterations and, combined with ovariectomy, induced depressive-like behaviors.
• Estradiol replacement partially attenuated hormonal changes and depressive-like behaviors, particularly in chow-fed rats.

Conclusions:

• High-fat intake significantly influences vulnerability to depression in a menopausal model.
• Weight management is crucial for postmenopausal women to potentially prevent mental health issues.