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Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review
Azhar Ahmed1,2, Hind Almohanna3, Jacob Griggs4
1Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia. dr_azhar_23@hotmail.com.
Dermatology and Therapy
|July 24, 2019
Summary
Diagnosing genetic hair disorders in children is challenging. Early identification through history, examination, and tests is crucial for appropriate management and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dermatology
- Medical Genetics
Background:
- Hair loss in early childhood presents a diagnostic challenge.
- Genetic hair disorders are a diverse group of inherited conditions, some rare.
- These abnormalities can be isolated or part of broader genetic syndromes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of considering genetic hair disorders in pediatric hair loss.
- To outline diagnostic approaches for these conditions.
- To discuss the implications for prognosis and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Detailed patient and family history.
- Thorough physical examination of hair and ectodermal structures (nails, glands).
- Dermoscopy and scalp biopsy for diagnostic clues.
Main Results:
- Genetic hair abnormalities can be isolated or indicative of syndromes like Netherton syndrome or trichothiodystrophy.
- Diagnostic clues are obtained from history, physical exam, and investigations.
- Prognosis and treatment depend on whether the hair defect is isolated or part of a syndrome.
Conclusions:
- Genetic hair disorders require careful consideration in pediatric hair loss.
- A comprehensive diagnostic approach is essential for accurate diagnosis.
- Understanding the underlying cause guides treatment and impacts prognosis.
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