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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
Published on: March 1, 2020
Lymphadenectomy in the Management of Gynecologic Cancer
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Abstract:
Among nearly all gynecologic cancers, knowing whether the cancer has metastasized to lymph nodes impacts the ultimate management of the cancer. Lymph node status assists in cancer staging, prognostication, guidance of surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy, and removal of positive lymph nodes may be therapeutic in some cancers. Surgical staging through lymph node removal and pathologist assessment is standard of care for most gynecologic cancers. This section reviews the anatomic lymphatic drainage patterns of each gynecologic organ and the evolution and current practice of surgical lymph node assessment along the spectrum of gynecologic cancers.
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