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Sensory Nerves Affect Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
Jian Cao1,2,3, Shijian Zhang4,2, Anand Gupta5
1Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
International Journal of Medical Sciences
|July 25, 2019
Summary
Sensory nerve resection in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis significantly reduced new bone formation quality. Denervation led to lower bone mineral density and disorganized bone structure, impacting bone regeneration outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Regenerative Medicine
- Bone Biology
Background:
- Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a surgical technique to increase jaw length.
- The role of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in bone regeneration during MDO is not fully understood.
- Understanding neuro-osseous interactions is crucial for optimizing MDO outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of inferior alveolar nerve resection on new bone formation during rabbit MDO.
- To evaluate changes in bone mineral density, structure, and volume following denervation.
Main Methods:
- Bilateral MDO was performed in 20 rabbits at a rate of 1 mm/day.
- The IAN was resected on one side (denervation group), while the contralateral side served as a control (sham operation).
- Radiography, DEXA, H&E staining, and histomorphometry were used to analyze regenerate callus at 28 days.
Main Results:
- The denervation side showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the control side (P<0.05).
- Histological analysis revealed disorganized bone trabeculae with dispersed cartilage cells on the denervation side versus orderly bone with rich vasculature on the control side.
- New bone volume and trabecular thickness were significantly reduced in the denervation group (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
- Sensory nerve loss, specifically the IAN, negatively affects new bone quality during MDO.
- Denervation leads to decreased BMD, impaired bone structure, and reduced bone formation in MDO.
- Preservation of the IAN may be important for optimal bone regeneration in MDO procedures.
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