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Genetic admixture accelerates invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution.

Hongmei Qiao1, Wenwen Liu1, Yihui Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Molecular Ecology
|July 25, 2019
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Summary

Genetic admixture, the interbreeding of introduced species, fuels rapid adaptation and invasion. This study shows how hybridization in Spartina alterniflora accelerated its spread and evolution in China.

Keywords:
Spartina alternifloragenetic admixturehybrid vigorintraspecific hybridizationmultiple introductionsrapid adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic admixture, or intraspecific hybridization, can facilitate species colonization and invasion.
  • While hybrid vigor offers short-term benefits, adaptation through novel genetic variation is a key long-term outcome, though evidence is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genetic admixture in the 30-year invasion of Spartina alterniflora in China.
  • To evaluate the consequences of genetic admixture on adaptation and invasion dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a reciprocal transplant experiment.
  • Conducted quantitative and population genetic surveys.
  • Analyzed the 30-year geographic-scale invasion data of Spartina alterniflora.

Main Results:

  • Invasive Spartina alterniflora in China originated from multiple US sources, forming a hybrid swarm.
  • Northern and mid-latitude invasive populations showed enhanced fecundity, plant height, and shoot regeneration due to natural selection.
  • Genetic admixture broke negative genetic correlations in native populations, facilitating super-competitive genotypes and rapid adaptive evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic admixture plays a critical role in accelerating geographic invasions.
  • Intraspecific hybridization provides novel genetic variation, driving rapid adaptive evolution in invasive species.
  • Observed effects in China suggest admixture facilitates adaptation, with potential heterotic effects in southern invasive populations.