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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
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Humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth, self-understanding, and the fulfillment of human potential. Rooted in the belief that individuals inherently strive toward self-actualization, these approaches encourage clients to explore their feelings and experiences in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic approaches by focusing on conscious experiences, present circumstances, and the potential for self-improvement rather than past conflicts...
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Better therapy for combat injury.

Yong-Ming Yao1, Hui Zhang2

  • 1Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China. c_ff@sina.com.

Military Medical Research
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combat injury therapy is crucial. Estrogen may improve female survival from sepsis, while immune modulation and mitochondrial function are key targets for treating trauma-induced sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Keywords:
Combat injuryEstrogenImmune dysfunctionInterleukin-25Mitochondrial functionMultiple organ dysfunction syndromeSepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma and Injury Research
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Combat injuries pose significant challenges to personnel survival and battlefield effectiveness, particularly in remote settings where timely treatment is limited.
  • Sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are critical complications of combat trauma, leading to high mortality rates.
  • Recent research highlights complex mechanisms underlying trauma-induced sepsis and MODS, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies.

Discussion:

  • Gender differences in trauma outcomes suggest estrogen's protective role in multiple organ systems, potentially improving sepsis survival in females.
  • Trauma-induced sepsis involves immune dysregulation driven by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), indicating immunomodulation as a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Lung epithelial and macrophage interactions, mediated by IL-25, contribute to acute lung injury (ALI) post-trauma.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cells, characterized by impaired ATP production and increased ROS, exacerbates immune dysfunction and tissue damage during sepsis.

Key Insights:

  • Estrogen demonstrates a protective effect across multiple organ systems, enhancing survival from sepsis.
  • Immune response imbalance, triggered by DAMPs, is central to trauma-induced sepsis, underscoring the need for immunomodulatory therapies.
  • Interactions between lung epithelial cells and macrophages, involving IL-25, play a role in acute lung injury.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in immune cell impairment during sepsis, contributing to oxidative stress and tissue damage.

Outlook:

  • Developing targeted therapies for combat injury requires a multi-faceted approach, addressing hormonal influences, immune dysregulation, and cellular metabolic deficits.
  • Further research into estrogen's mechanisms and the role of immunomodulation could lead to novel treatments for sepsis and MODS.
  • Strategies aimed at preserving mitochondrial function in immune cells may offer a new therapeutic direction for improving outcomes in critically injured soldiers.