Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Sensation01:21

Sensation

1.3K
Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
1.3K
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

14.5K
Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
14.5K
Protein-Protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-Protein Interfaces

4.4K
4.4K
Machines01:19

Machines

559
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
559
Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

4.7K
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
4.7K
Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

Machines: Problem Solving II

650
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
650

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scalable networks of multimodal haptic arrays for plantar sensory substitution.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Stoney vs. Histed: Quantifying the spatial effects of intracortical microstimulation.

Brain stimulation·2021
Same author

Infinitely long isotropic Kirchhoff rods with helical centerlines cannot be stable.

Physical review. E·2020
Same author

When Is a Helix Stable?

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

A comprehensive model-based framework for optimal design of biomimetic patterns of electrical stimulation for prosthetic sensation.

Journal of neural engineering·2020
Same author

Skin-integrated wireless haptic interfaces for virtual and augmented reality.

Nature·2019
Same journal

DNA origami snaps into place.

Science robotics·2026
Same journal

A high-endurance DNA origami snap-through switch for functional nanoscale control.

Science robotics·2026
Same journal

Learning flight navigation like a honey bee.

Science robotics·2026
Same journal

Is your robot vacuum cleaner spying on you?

Science robotics·2026
Same journal

Do people feel safe in a robot's presence?

Science robotics·2026
Same journal

Stop chasing identical outcomes in HRI replication: Learn from the differences.

Science robotics·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
11:06

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

Published on: April 12, 2016

10.9K

Controlling sensation intensity for electrotactile stimulation in human-machine interfaces.

Aadeel Akhtar1, Joseph Sombeck2, Brandon Boyce3

  • 1Neuroscience Program and Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Science Robotics
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a method to stabilize electrotactile stimulation for haptic feedback by adjusting parameters based on skin impedance. This improves the reliability of sensation intensity for human-machine interfaces.

More Related Videos

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
05:21

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.3K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
11:06

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

Published on: April 12, 2016

10.9K
Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
05:21

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.3K
An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Electrotactile stimulation offers haptic feedback but suffers from sensation intensity variability.
  • Changes in electrode-skin interface impedance (e.g., due to sweat or electrode displacement) cause inconsistent perceived sensations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for significantly reducing sensation intensity variability in electrotactile stimulation.
  • To enhance the reliability of electrotactile feedback for practical applications in human-machine interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a predictive model relating stimulation parameters (peak pulse energy, phase charge) to electrode-skin impedance at constant perceived sensation intensity.
  • Implemented a closed-loop controller that dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters (current amplitude, pulse duration) in response to measured impedance changes.
  • Validated the controller's performance in a proof-of-concept study with two subjects using a prosthesis with electrotactile feedback.

Main Results:

  • The developed model demonstrated high accuracy in fitting experimental data (mean R 2 > 0.9) across various conditions.
  • The controller accurately predicted subject-chosen stimulation parameters for maintaining constant sensation intensity (mean R 2 > 0.9).
  • The controller effectively regulated sensation intensity despite significant impedance variations encountered during daily activities in amputee subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating electrotactile stimulation parameters based on real-time impedance measurements significantly reduces sensation variability.
  • This impedance-adaptive approach enhances the reliability and practicality of electrotactile feedback for human-machine interfaces, especially during activities of daily living.
  • The findings pave the way for more robust and user-friendly haptic feedback systems.