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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...

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Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

Training program for Research Educators of sequential course-based undergraduate research experiences.

Caitlin Light¹, Megan Fegley¹, Nancy Stamp¹

¹First-Year Research Immersion, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Letters

|July 26, 2019

Summary

A new training program for science instructors helps guide undergraduates through research experiences. This program fosters a community of practice, enabling students to conduct authentic research projects early in their college careers.

Keywords:

Research Educator authentic research community of practice course-based research experience professional development

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Area of Science:

Science Education
Undergraduate Research

Background:

Course-based research experiences (CUREs) offer significant benefits for undergraduate science students.
Effective implementation is key to maximizing the positive impacts of CUREs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a training program for instructors facilitating undergraduate research experiences.
To equip instructors with strategies for guiding students through the scientific process.

Main Methods:

Created a "Research Educator" training program for science instructors.
Focused on building a supportive community of practice for participating instructors.
Emphasized guiding students through the process of science for early research engagement.

Main Results:

The training program aims to enhance instructors' ability to facilitate student research.
A community of practice model encourages active participation and leadership among instructors.
The program is designed to enable students to conduct authentic research projects.

Conclusions:

Instructor training is crucial for optimizing undergraduate research experiences.
A collaborative community of practice can enhance the effectiveness of science educators.
This program supports early and successful student engagement in scientific research.