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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
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Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray

A L Coleman1,2, M G Gorman1,2, R Briggs1,2

  • 1SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast x-ray diffraction revealed new high-pressure phases of antimony (Sb) under shock compression. The study identified novel structural transformations and phase behaviors occurring on nanosecond timescales.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • Antimony (Sb) exhibits complex structural behavior under pressure.
  • Understanding Sb phase transitions is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural dynamics of antimony under shock compression.
  • To resolve phase transitions and identify new high-pressure phases of Sb.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ultrafast x-ray diffraction at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser.
  • Applying shock compression techniques up to 59 GPa.
  • Analyzing diffraction patterns to determine crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • Observed transformation to the incommensurate Sb-II phase at ~11 GPa, forming ordered guest-atom chains on nanosecond timescales.
  • Identified the high-pressure bcc phase Sb-III above ~15 GPa, ~8 GPa lower than in static studies.
  • Detected a novel phase, Sb-I', between 8-12 GPa, exhibiting a Peierls distortion, and mixed Sb-III/liquid diffraction above 38 GPa.
  • Confirmed metastable recovery of the incommensurate Sb-II phase at ambient pressure, stable for over 10 ns.

Conclusions:

  • Shock compression reveals distinct high-pressure structural behaviors in antimony compared to static compression.
  • The study elucidates the formation mechanisms and stability of novel antimony phases under extreme conditions.
  • Ultrafast x-ray diffraction is a powerful tool for probing dynamic phase transitions in materials.