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A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia
Published on: June 15, 2011
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Compensatory strategies below the behavioural surface in autism: a qualitative study.
Lucy Anne Livingston1, Punit Shah2, Francesca Happé1
1Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
The Lancet. Psychiatry
|July 28, 2019
Summary
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with autistic-like difficulties use similar strategies to mask behavioral symptoms. These compensatory strategies impact diagnosis and outcomes, highlighting the need for better diagnostic tools.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Psychology
- Social Sciences
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compensatory profiles and strategies remain under-researched.
- Little is known about individuals without a formal diagnosis but with autistic-like difficulties and their use of compensatory strategies.
- Understanding these strategies is crucial for individuals who mask their autism symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate social compensatory strategies in adults with and without autism.
- To examine the effect of these strategies on diagnosis and clinical outcomes.
- To explore whether individuals below the diagnostic threshold use similar strategies.
Main Methods:
- A global convenience sample of 136 adults (aged 18+) was recruited via social media and the UK National Autistic Society.
- Participants self-reported their use and experiences of compensatory strategies through an online platform.
- Qualitative thematic analysis was employed to interpret responses and gain insights into compensatory strategies.
Main Results:
- Multiple compensatory strategies with distinct characteristics were identified.
- Individual and environmental factors influence the use and success of these strategies.
- Individuals without an autism diagnosis use strategies qualitatively similar to those with a diagnosis.
- Compensatory strategy use is associated with both positive outcomes (e.g., independence) and negative outcomes (e.g., poor mental health, late diagnosis).
Conclusions:
- Compensatory strategies are utilized by individuals with and without autism diagnoses.
- Awareness and measurement of these strategies should inform future diagnostic guidelines for improved accuracy and support.
- Support is needed for individuals whose cognitive difficulties are not apparent in observable behavior.
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