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Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight.

Karen J Mathewson1, Daphne Maurer1, Catherine J Mondloch2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Developmental Science
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Summary

Adults born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW) show long-term deficits in higher-order visual processing, particularly in discriminating human faces and other objects compared to normal birth weight (NBW) individuals.

Keywords:
extremely low birth weightextremely pretermface-processingperceptual developmentsecond-order relations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 g) is linked to lasting visual impairments.
  • Higher-order visual processing deficits may persist into adulthood for ELBW survivors.
  • Longitudinal studies on the cognitive outcomes of ELBW individuals are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term configural visual processing abilities in the oldest prospectively followed cohort of ELBW survivors.
  • To compare the performance of ELBW adults with normal birth weight (NBW) adults on tasks requiring discrimination of facial and object stimuli based on feature spacing.
  • To explore the relationship between visual processing deficits, cognitive abilities (IQ), and potential compensatory strategies in ELBW survivors.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 62 adults born at ELBW (mean age 31.9 years) and 82 NBW adults (mean age 32.5 years) participated.
  • Participants completed a delayed match-to-sample task involving human faces, monkey faces, and houses, varying in feature spacing.
  • Discrimination accuracy was analyzed, controlling for neurosensory impairment, visual acuity, binocular fusion, IQ, and sex.

Main Results:

  • Both groups were more accurate at discriminating human faces than monkey faces.
  • ELBW survivors demonstrated significantly poorer discrimination of human faces, monkey faces, and houses compared to NBW controls.
  • Face discrimination in ELBW survivors was correlated with performance IQ and specifically the Coding subtest, suggesting a potential feature-matching strategy.

Conclusions:

  • ELBW survivors exhibit a general deficit in perceptual processing, extending into adulthood.
  • Altered configural processing, particularly for human faces, may be a long-term consequence of extremely low birth weight.
  • Further research should explore the neural underpinnings and psychosocial impact of these visual processing differences in ELBW individuals.