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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

The Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Fascia Flap for Nerve Reconstruction in Rabbits
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Trachea Reconstruction with Single-Stage Composite Flaps in a Rabbit Model.

Manzhi Wong1, Bien-Keem Tan1, Chong-Hee Lim2

  • 1Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery
|July 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Composite flaps were tested for trachea reconstruction in rabbits. Muscle fascia proved a better lining than skin, suggesting potential for partial defect repair in humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Trachea reconstruction demands a functional lining, rigid support, and vascular supply.
  • Current methods face challenges in achieving all three essential components simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate composite autologous flaps for single-stage trachea reconstruction.
  • To assess the efficacy of different flap components (skin, cartilage, muscle) in a rabbit model.

Main Methods:

  • Two composite flap techniques were tested in rabbits with circumferential and partial anterior tracheal defects.
  • Ear composite flaps (cartilage and skin) and rib cartilage with intercostal muscle flaps were utilized.
  • Flaps were assessed for integration, vascularity, and epithelialization via clinical, endoscopic, and histological examination.

Main Results:

  • Ear flaps provided vascularized cartilage but led to airway obstruction due to skin issues.
  • Rib cartilage and intercostal muscle flaps resulted in complete survival without respiratory distress.
  • The intercostal muscle fascia was successfully covered by native respiratory epithelium.

Conclusions:

  • Autologous composite flaps offer a viable strategy for single-stage trachea reconstruction.
  • Vascularized muscle fascia is a superior lining material compared to skin for tracheal defects.
  • Rib cartilage and muscle flaps show promise for reconstructing partial tracheal defects in humans.