The chemistry of multi-component and hierarchical framework compounds

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Chemistry

Background:

• Multi-component hierarchically porous materials are gaining attention due to their tailored compositions and sophisticated applications.
• There is a growing demand for materials with multifunctionalities and hierarchical structures, driving research in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other open framework compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in multi-component and hierarchical framework materials.
• To cover design and synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and applications of these advanced materials.

Main Methods:

• Summarization of multivariate MOFs synthesized via one-pot or post-synthetic methods, detailing building block distributions.
• Review of characterization techniques such as solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and photothermal induced resonance.
• Discussion of synthesis and applications of related materials including covalent-organic frameworks, metal-organic cages, and porous organic cages.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of design principles and synthetic routes for multi-component hierarchical materials.
• Exploration of characterization methods for understanding material structure and properties.
• Highlighting diverse applications including gas storage, separation, catalysis, guest delivery, and luminescence.

Conclusions:

• This review provides a comprehensive library of multi-component hierarchically porous compounds.
• The findings are expected to guide the future design and discovery of novel porous materials with enhanced tunability and precision.