Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

47.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

31.5K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
31.5K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

49.0K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
49.0K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

19.9K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
19.9K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.5K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.5K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic Insights into Lysine Cyclodeaminase Catalysis.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Sporozoite egress from Plasmodium oocysts requires a trimeric NF-Y-like complex.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Going full circle: dynamic covalent enzyme immobilisation <i>via</i> visually trackable boronate esters.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Targeting the histone-fold dimerization interface of oocyst rupture proteins from Plasmodium berghei for antimalarial inhibitor discovery.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Structural basis of Nuclear Factor 1-X DNA recognition provides prototypic insight into the NFI family.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

A novel ene-reductase from <i>Halomonas elongata</i> for flow biocatalytic synthesis of 3-phenylpropionaldehyde and sustainable indigo-carmine dyeing.

RSC advances·2025
Same journal

From cyclic diaryl λ<sup>3</sup>-bromanes/chloranes to polyfuntionalized biarylsilanes <i>via</i> aryne σ-bonds.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Non-equilibrium formation of the elusive dibridged diboranyl (B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) radical and boranes in low-temperature diborane ices.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Visible-light-driven ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of manganese nitride complexes to ammonia under ambient conditions.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Quantification of mesopore infiltration in a polymer-grafted metal-organic framework.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Enhanced and selective oxygen reduction by iron porphyrin with a biguanide residue in the second coordination sphere.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Excited-state orbital angular momentum enables all-optical molecular spin coherence.

Chemical science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Integration of Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Urine for Clinical Applications
08:41

Integration of Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Urine for Clinical Applications

Published on: July 14, 2017

9.9K

Widely applicable background depletion step enables transaminase evolution through solid-phase screening.

Matteo Planchestainer1, Eimear Hegarty1, Christian M Heckmann1

  • 1University of Nottingham , School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom.

Chemical Science
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new screening method to rapidly evaluate transaminase enzyme variants for industrial biocatalysis. This method identified improved transaminase enzymes with up to 60-fold higher activity for specific ketone substrates.

More Related Videos

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
05:15

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Published on: February 6, 2019

7.3K
Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Integration of Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Urine for Clinical Applications
08:41

Integration of Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Urine for Clinical Applications

Published on: July 14, 2017

9.9K
Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
05:15

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Published on: February 6, 2019

7.3K
Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and enzyme engineering
  • Protein evolution and directed evolution
  • Industrial biotechnology

Background:

  • Directed evolution is key for developing industrial biocatalysts like transaminases.
  • High-throughput screening methods are crucial but often limited for evaluating enzyme variants.
  • Transaminases are vital enzymes for synthesizing valuable chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, reliable, and widely applicable screening method for transaminase variants.
  • To improve transaminase activity using directed evolution and a novel screening approach.
  • To identify novel transaminase variants with enhanced catalytic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a background depletion method for solid-phase screening.
  • Application of random mutagenesis and screening to a transaminase from *Halomonas elongata* (HEWT).
  • Evolutionary optimization towards diverse prochiral ketones and related substrates.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of transaminase variants with significantly improved activity in viable cells.
  • Achieved up to 60-fold enhancement in activity towards para-substituted acetophenones.
  • Demonstrated broad applicability for tetrahydrothiophen-3-one and related substrates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed screening method is effective for directed evolution of transaminases.
  • Novel transaminase variants with enhanced substrate specificity and activity were discovered.
  • Structural insights from the wild-type HEWT crystal structure aid in rationalizing mutant improvements.