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The Roles of miRNAs in Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review

Behrouz Mollashahi1, Fateme Shaabanpour Aghamaleki1, Abolfazl Movafagh2

  • 1Department of Cellular-Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Cancer Prevention
|July 31, 2019
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in medulloblastoma, a dangerous childhood brain tumor. Some miRNAs promote cancer growth, while others suppress it, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Medulloblastoma is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor with a poor prognosis.
  • Gene dysregulation is a hallmark of medulloblastoma, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, represent a critical layer of gene regulation implicated in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma.
  • To elucidate the dual function of miRNAs as oncomiRs and tumor suppressors in medulloblastoma.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for medulloblastoma.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression and function in medulloblastoma.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in key cancer pathways, including cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Compilation of data on dysregulated miRNAs (oncomiRs and tumor suppressors) in medulloblastoma.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in medulloblastoma, contributing to tumorigenesis.
  • OncomiRs are overexpressed, promoting cell proliferation and stemness.
  • Tumor suppressor miRNAs are downregulated, hindering differentiation and facilitating cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma.
  • Understanding miRNA dysregulation offers insights into medulloblastoma biology.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising avenue for future medulloblastoma therapies.
Keywords:
MedulloblastomaNeoplasmsOncogenesTumor suppressor genesmicroRNAs

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