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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Awake thyroidectomy.

Thorsen W Haugen¹, Luke N Andera¹, Archie B LaMadrid²

¹Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope

|July 31, 2019

Summary

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Awake thyroid surgery using local anesthesia is safe and well-tolerated in selected patients. Surgeon experience significantly impacts patient comfort and pain levels during the procedure.

Area of Science:

Surgical techniques
Anesthesiology
Endocrinology

Background:

Thyroid surgery is commonly performed under general anesthesia.
Local anesthesia offers potential benefits but requires careful patient selection and technique.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a technique for awake thyroidectomy using local anesthesia.
To report outcomes and patient tolerance of the procedure.

Main Methods:

Twenty-eight patients underwent thyroid surgery with local anesthesia.
Data collected included operative details, anesthetic used, pain scores, and complications.

Main Results:

96% of patients successfully underwent awake thyroidectomy.

Keywords:

Thyroid thyroid surgery

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Average pain score was 3.4, influenced by surgeon experience.

71% tolerated the procedure without additional pain medication.

Conclusions:

Awake thyroidectomy is a safe and well-tolerated option for appropriately selected patients.
Local anesthesia is often sufficient, and surgeon experience enhances patient comfort.