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Published on: May 30, 2025
Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements: the signatures, causes, functions and implications
Cai Han1, Lin-Yu Sun1, Wen-Tao Wang1
1MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Abstract:
Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci, which could result in gene fusion. These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis. The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules, which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins. Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts. Notably, non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers. These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products. This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.
Insights
Chromosomal translocations create gene fusions, driving cancer. Non-coding RNAs are increasingly recognized as key players, modulating pathways and impacting these cancer-associated rearrangements.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Chromosomal translocations are DNA rearrangements often causing gene fusions.
- These events are critical in tumorigenesis, altering gene expression and signaling pathways.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly implicated in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between ncRNAs and chromosomal translocations.
- To summarize the diverse functions of ncRNAs in chromosome-rearranged cancers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research advances.
- Analysis of ncRNA roles in tumorigenesis and pathway modulation.
- Examination of ncRNA interactions with chromosomal translocation products.
Main Results:
- ncRNAs are significantly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers.
- ncRNAs act as modulators of downstream signaling pathways.
- ncRNAs can directly influence chromosomal translocation events or their products.
Conclusions:
- ncRNAs play multifaceted roles in the development and progression of cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.
- Understanding ncRNA involvement offers potential therapeutic strategies for these cancers.
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