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Bacterial Translocation and Host Immune Activation in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Mi Sun Moon1, Gabriella Quinn1, Elizabeth C Townsend1

  • 1Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|August 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bacterial translocation in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection involves distinct microbial components. Hepatic macrophage uptake, not just circulating markers, may better indicate immune activation in chronic HCV patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects millions globally, with persistent treatment barriers.
  • Bacterial translocation is a known complication in chronic HCV, impacting host immunity.
  • Understanding microbial components and immune responses is crucial for managing HCV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate circulating microbial components (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, β-D-glucan) in HCV patients.
  • To assess pattern recognition receptors and hepatic macrophage uptake of these microbial components.
  • To elucidate the relationship between bacterial translocation and host immune activation in HCV.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of serum lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and β-D-glucan.
  • Analysis of pattern recognition receptor expression.
  • Assessment of microbial component uptake by hepatic macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Serum peptidoglycan and β-D-glucan regulation differs from lipopolysaccharide.
  • Hepatic macrophage uptake correlates with immune activation more than circulating microbial levels.
  • Distinct patterns of microbial component translocation observed in HCV.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic macrophage uptake is a key indicator of immune activation in HCV.
  • Findings enhance understanding of bacterial translocation mechanisms in chronic HCV.
  • Potential for novel therapeutic targets by modulating immune responses to bacterial translocation.

Keywords:
bacterial translocationendotoxinhepatitis C virus (HCV)macrophage activation

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